1. Oxidation melting cutting
Inert gas is generally used for melting and cutting. If oxygen or other active gas is replaced, the material will be ignited under the irradiation of laser beam, and another heat source will be generated by violent chemical reaction with oxygen, which is called oxidation melting and cutting.
2. Melt cutting
When the power density of the incident laser beam exceeds a certain value, the material at the beam irradiation point will evaporate and form holes. Once the hole is formed, it will absorb all the incident beam energy as a black body. The small hole is surrounded by the molten metal wall, and then the auxiliary air flow coaxial with the beam takes away the molten material around the hole. As the workpiece moves, the small hole moves horizontally and synchronously in the cutting direction to form a cutting seam. The laser beam continues to shine along the front edge of the slit, and the molten material is blown away from the slit continuously or pulsatively.
3. Control fracture cutting
For brittle materials that are easy to be damaged by heat, high-speed and controllable cutting through laser beam heating is called controlled fracture cutting. The main content of this cutting process is: the laser beam heats a small area of brittle material, causing large thermal gradient and serious mechanical deformation in the area, leading to the formation of cracks in the material. As long as the uniform heating gradient is maintained, the laser beam can guide the crack to generate in any desired direction.
4. Vaporization cutting
Under the heating of high power density laser beam, the surface temperature of the material rises to the boiling point temperature at such a fast speed that it is enough to avoid melting caused by heat conduction, so part of the material vaporizes into steam and disappears, and part of the material is blown away from the bottom of the slit by auxiliary gas flow as an eject.